Deciding to have a vasectomy is a big step in
any man’s life, often accompanied by a lot of
questions and concerns. Recently, we spoke
with CalvertHealth board-certified urologist
Dr. John “Jack” Cooper about the top
vasectomy myths. Here, he provides expert
insight into what men can expect before,
during and after a vasectomy.
Q: What exactly is a vasectomy, and how
does it work?
A vasectomy is a simple, outpatient surgical procedure that
serves as a permanent method of birth control for men.
During the procedure, we cut or block the vas deferens, the
tubes that carry sperm from the testicles to the urethra. By
doing this, we prevent sperm from mixing with semen during
ejaculation, which means fertilization cannot occur.
Q: How long does the procedure take, and
what is the recovery like?
The procedure itself usually takes about 20 to 30 minutes
and is done under local anesthesia. Most men can return
to work and normal activities within a few days, though we
recommend avoiding heavy lifting or strenuous exercise
for two weeks to allow proper healing. Some discomfort,
swelling, or bruising is normal but typically resolves quickly.
Q: How effective is a vasectomy, and is it
immediately effective?
A vasectomy is one of the most effective forms of birth
control, with a failure rate of less than 1%. However, it’s
important to note it’s not immediately effective. Sperm
can remain in the vas deferens for several weeks or even
months after the procedure. We recommend
using another form of birth control until postvasectomy
semen analysis confirms your semen
is free of sperm. This usually requires about 20
ejaculations or three months after the procedure.
Q: Why is post-vasectomy testing
necessary, and what does it involve?
Post-vasectomy testing is crucial to ensure the
procedure was successful. The test involves
analyzing a semen sample under a microscope
to check for the presence of sperm. We typically
ask for one or two samples after the procedure.
Once the tests confirm there are no sperm, the
vasectomy is considered effective. Until then,
we advise continuing to use another method of
birth control.
Q: There are many myths about
vasectomies. Can you address
some of the most common ones?
Absolutely. One of the biggest myths is that a
vasectomy will affect your sexual performance
or libido. The truth is, a vasectomy does not
interfere with the production of testosterone,
which is responsible for your sex drive. You
should not notice any change in your ability to
have an erection, your sex drive, or your ability
to enjoy sex.
Q: What about the concern that
vasectomies might increase the
risk of cancer?
This is a common concern, but research has
shown there is no increased risk of either
prostate or testicular cancer after a vasectomy. Earlier studies raised some questions,
but more recent, well-conducted studies
have definitively shown there is no link
between vasectomy and cancer.
Q: How should someone
decide if a vasectomy is
right for them?
A vasectomy is a personal decision
that should be made after careful
consideration. It’s a permanent form
of birth control, so it’s important to be
certain you don’t want to father any
more children in the future. I always
encourage patients to discuss this
decision with their partner and consider
their long-term family planning goals.
We can also discuss any concerns or
questions during a consultation to
ensure you’re making the best decision
for your situation.
Q: What if someone
changes their mind after
getting a vasectomy?
While a vasectomy is considered
permanent, there are options for
reversal, though they are not always
successful, and the procedure can be
complex and costly. This is why it’s so
important to be sure of your decision
before undergoing a vasectomy. There
are also sperm banking options for
those who may want to preserve their
ability to father children in the future.
Q: What can men expect in
terms of their health and
lifestyle after a vasectomy?
After a vasectomy, most men return
to their normal lifestyle with minimal
disruption. You’ll continue to produce
the same amount of semen, just without
sperm. Your testosterone levels and
sexual function remain unchanged. The
primary difference is you won’t need
to worry about unintended pregnancy,
which many men and their partners
find to be a significant benefit. As with
any procedure, it’s important to follow
post-operative care instructions and
attend any follow-up appointments to
ensure everything has healed properly.
Q: Are there any long-term
health effects of having a
vasectomy?
The long-term health effects of a
vasectomy are generally very positive,
especially when it comes to family
planning. There are no significant
risks associated with the procedure
beyond the typical surgical risks,
which are minimal. Some men
report minor discomfort or a feeling
of heaviness in the scrotum for a
short period after the procedure,
but this typically resolves. Overall,
a vasectomy is a safe, effective, and
low-maintenance option for permanent
birth control.